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04/04/08 22:04:40 (8 months ago)
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miyoshi
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Sync up with Emacs22.2.

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  • trunk/etc/emacs.1

    r4204 r4220  
     1'\" t 
    12.\" Copyright (C) 1995, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 
    2 .\"   2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 
     3.\"   2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 
    34.\" 
    45.\" This file is part of GNU Emacs. 
    …… 
    67.\" GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 
    78.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 
    8 .\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) 
     9.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) 
    910.\" any later version. 
    1011.\" 
    …… 
    2021.\" 
    2122'\" t 
    22 .TH EMACS 1 "2007 April 13" "GNU Emacs 22.1" 
     23.TH EMACS 1 "2007 April 13" "GNU Emacs 22.2" 
     24. 
     25. 
    2326.SH NAME 
    2427emacs \- GNU project Emacs 
     28. 
     29. 
    2530.SH SYNOPSIS 
    2631.B emacs 
    …… 
    2833.I command-line switches 
    2934] [ 
    30 .I files ... 
     35.I files ...\& 
    3136] 
    32 .br 
     37. 
     38. 
    3339.SH DESCRIPTION 
    3440.I GNU Emacs 
    3541is a version of 
    36 .I Emacs, 
     42.IR Emacs , 
    3743written by the author of the original (PDP-10) 
    38 .I Emacs, 
     44.IR Emacs , 
    3945Richard Stallman. 
    4046.br 
    4147The primary documentation of GNU Emacs is in the GNU Emacs Manual, 
    4248which you can read using Info, either from Emacs or as a standalone 
    43 program.  Please look there for complete and up-to-date documentation. 
     49program. 
     50Please look there for complete and up-to-date documentation. 
    4451This man page is updated only when someone volunteers to do so; the 
    4552Emacs maintainers' priority goal is to minimize the amount of time 
    …… 
    5764.I Emacs 
    5865windows and buffers. 
    59 CTRL-h or F1 enters the Help facility.  Help Tutorial (CTRL-h t) 
    60 starts an interactive tutorial which can teach beginners the fundamentals 
    61 of 
     66CTRL-h or F1 enters the Help facility. 
     67Help Tutorial (CTRL-h t) starts an interactive tutorial which can 
     68teach beginners the fundamentals of 
    6269.I Emacs 
    6370in a few minutes. 
    …… 
    6774describes a given Lisp function specified by name. 
    6875.PP 
    69 .I Emacs's 
     76.IR Emacs 's 
    7077Undo can undo several steps of modification to your buffers, so it is 
    7178easy to recover from editing mistakes. 
    7279.PP 
    73 .I GNU Emacs's 
     80.IR "GNU Emacs" 's 
    7481many special packages handle mail reading (RMail) and sending (Mail), 
    7582outline editing (Outline), compiling (Compile), running subshells 
    …… 
    8289users of other Emacses 
    8390should have little trouble adapting even 
    84 without a copy.  Users new to 
     91without a copy. 
     92Users new to 
    8593.I Emacs 
    8694will be able 
    8795to use basic features fairly rapidly by studying the tutorial and 
    8896using the self-documentation features. 
    89 .PP 
    90 .SM Emacs Options 
    91 .PP 
     97. 
     98.SS Emacs Options 
    9299The following options are of general interest: 
     100.RS 
    93101.TP 8 
    94102.I file 
    95103Edit 
    96 .I file. 
    97 .TP 
    98 .BI \+ number 
     104.IR file . 
     105.TP 
     106.BI \-\-file " file\fR,\fP " \-\-find-file " file\fR,\fP " \-\-visit " file" 
     107The same as specifying 
     108.I file 
     109directly as an argument. 
     110.TP 
     111.BI + number 
    99112Go to the line specified by 
    100113.I number 
    101114(do not insert a space between the "+" sign and 
    102 the number).  This applies only to the next file specified. 
    103 .TP 
    104 .BI \+ line:column 
     115the number). 
     116This applies only to the next file specified. 
     117.TP 
     118.BI + line:column 
    105119Go to the specified 
    106120.I line 
    107121and 
    108 .I column 
    109 .TP 
    110 .B \-q 
     122.IR column . 
     123.TP 
     124.BR \-q ", " \-\-no\-init\-file 
    111125Do not load an init file. 
    112126.TP 
    113 .B \-no-site-file 
     127.B \-\-no\-site\-file 
    114128Do not load the site-wide startup file. 
    115129.TP 
    116 .BI \-debug-init 
     130.B \-\-no\-desktop 
     131Do not load a saved desktop. 
     132.TP 
     133.BR \-nl ", " \-\-no\-shared\-memory 
     134Do not use shared memory. 
     135.TP 
     136.BR \-Q ", " \-\-quick 
     137Equivalent to "\-q \-\-no\-site\-file \-\-no\-splash". 
     138.TP 
     139.B \-\-no\-splash 
     140Do not display a splash screen during start-up. 
     141.TP 
     142.B \-\-debug\-init 
    117143Enable 
    118144.I Emacs 
    119145Lisp debugger during the processing of the user init file 
    120 .BI ~/.emacs. 
     146.BR ~/.emacs . 
    121147This is useful for debugging problems in the init file. 
    122148.TP 
    123 .BI \-u " user" 
     149.BI \-u " user\fR,\fP " \-\-user " user" 
    124150Load 
    125 .I user's 
     151.IR user 's 
    126152init file. 
    127153.TP 
    128 .BI \-t " file" 
     154.BI \-t " file\fR,\fP " \-\-terminal " file" 
    129155Use specified 
    130156.I file 
    …… 
    132158This must be the first argument specified in the command line. 
    133159.TP 
    134 .B \-version 
     160.BR \-\-multibyte ", " \-\-no-unibyte 
     161Enable multibyte mode (enabled by default). 
     162.TP 
     163.BR \-\-unibyte ", " \-\-no-multibyte 
     164Enable unibyte mode. 
     165.TP 
     166.B \-\-version 
    135167Display 
    136168.I Emacs 
    137169version information and exit. 
     170.TP 
     171.B \-\-help 
     172Display this help and exit. 
     173.RE 
    138174.PP 
    139175The following options are lisp-oriented 
    140176(these options are processed in the order encountered): 
     177.RS 
    141178.TP 8 
    142 .BI \-f " function" 
     179.BI \-f " function\fR,\fP " \-\-funcall " function" 
    143180Execute the lisp function 
    144 .I function. 
    145 .TP 
    146 .BI \-l " file" 
     181.IR function . 
     182.TP 
     183.BI \-l " file\fR,\fP " \-\-load " file" 
    147184Load the lisp code in the file 
    148 .I file. 
    149 .TP 
    150 .BI \-eval " expr" 
     185.IR file . 
     186.TP 
     187.BI \-\-eval " expr\fR,\fP " \-\-execute " expr" 
    151188Evaluate the Lisp expression 
    152 .I expr. 
     189.IR expr . 
     190.RE 
    153191.PP 
    154192The following options are useful when running 
    155193.I Emacs 
    156194as a batch editor: 
     195.RS 
    157196.TP 8 
    158 .BI \-batch 
    159 Edit in batch mode.  The editor will send messages to stderr.  This 
    160 option must be the first in the argument list.  You must use \-l and \-f 
    161 options to specify files to execute and functions to call. 
    162 .TP 
    163 .B \-kill 
     197.B \-\-batch 
     198Edit in batch mode. 
     199The editor will send messages to stderr. 
     200This option must be the first in the argument list. 
     201You must use \-l and \-f options to specify files to execute 
     202and functions to call. 
     203.TP 
     204.BI \-\-script " file" 
     205Run 
     206.I file 
     207as an Emacs Lisp script. 
     208.TP 
     209.BI \-\-insert " file" 
     210Insert contents of 
     211.I file 
     212into the current buffer. 
     213.TP 
     214.B \-\-kill 
    164215Exit 
    165216.I Emacs 
    166217while in batch mode. 
    167218.TP 
    168 .BI \-L " directory" 
     219.BI \-L " dir\fR,\fP " \-\-directory " dir" 
    169220Add 
    170 .I directory 
     221.I dir 
    171222to the list of directories 
    172223.I Emacs 
    173224searches for Lisp files. 
     225.RE 
     226. 
    174227.\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X 
    175 .PP 
    176 .SM Using Emacs with X 
    177 .PP 
     228.SS Using Emacs with X 
    178229.I Emacs 
    179230has been tailored to work well with the X window system. 
    …… 
    181232.I Emacs 
    182233from under X windows, it will create its own X window to 
    183 display in.  You will probably want to start the editor 
    184 as a background process 
    185 so that you can continue using your original window. 
     234display in. 
     235You will probably want to start the editor as a background 
     236process so that you can continue using your original window. 
    186237.PP 
    187238.I Emacs 
    188239can be started with the following X switches: 
     240.RS 
    189241.TP 8 
    190 .BI \-name " name" 
    191 Specifies the name which should be assigned to the initial 
    192 .I Emacs 
    193 window.  This controls looking up X resources as well as the window title. 
    194 .TP 8 
    195 .BI \-title " name" 
    196 Specifies the title for the initial X window. 
    197 .TP 8 
    198 .B \-r 
     242.BI \-\-name " name" 
     243Specify the name which should be assigned to the initial 
     244.I Emacs 
     245window. 
     246This controls looking up X resources as well as the window title. 
     247.TP 
     248.BI \-T " name\fR,\fP " \-\-title " name" 
     249Specify the title for the initial X window. 
     250.TP 
     251.BR \-r ", " \-rv ", " \-\-reverse\-video 
    199252Display the 
    200253.I Emacs 
    201254window in reverse video. 
    202255.TP 
    203 .BI \-font " font, " \-fn " font" 
     256.BI \-fn " font\fR,\fP " \-\-font " font" 
    204257Set the 
    205258.I Emacs 
    206259window's font to that specified by 
    207 .I font. 
     260.IR font . 
    208261You will find the various 
    209262.I X 
    …… 
    216269Under the X11 Release 4 font-naming conventions, any font with the 
    217270value "m" or "c" in the eleventh field of the font name is a fixed 
    218 width font.  Furthermore, fonts whose name are of the form 
     271width font. 
     272Furthermore, fonts whose name are of the form 
    219273.IR width x height 
    220274are generally fixed width, as is the font 
    221275.IR fixed . 
    222276See 
    223 .IR xlsfonts (1) 
     277.BR xlsfonts (1) 
    224278for more information. 
    225279 
    …… 
    227281switch and the font name. 
    228282.TP 
    229 .BI \-bw " pixels" 
     283.BI \-\-xrm " resources" 
     284Set additional X resources. 
     285.TP 
     286.BI "\-\-color\fR,\fP \-\-color=" mode 
     287Override color mode for character terminals; 
     288.I mode 
     289defaults to `auto', and can also be `never', `auto', `always', 
     290or a mode name like `ansi8'. 
     291.TP 
     292.BI \-bw " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-border\-width " pixels" 
    230293Set the 
    231294.I Emacs 
    232295window's border width to the number of pixels specified by 
    233 .I pixels. 
     296.IR pixels . 
    234297Defaults to one pixel on each side of the window. 
    235298.TP 
    236 .BI \-ib " pixels" 
     299.BI \-ib " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-internal\-border " pixels" 
    237300Set the window's internal border width to the number of pixels specified 
    238301by 
    239 .I pixels. 
     302.IR pixels . 
    240303Defaults to one pixel of padding on each side of the window. 
    241 .PP 
    242 .TP 8 
    243 .BI \-\-geometry " geometry" 
     304.TP 
     305.BI \-g " geometry\fR,\fP " \-\-geometry " geometry" 
    244306Set the 
    245307.I Emacs 
    246 window's width, height, and position as specified.  The geometry 
    247 specification is in the standard X format; see 
    248 .IR X (1) 
     308window's width, height, and position as specified. 
     309The geometry specification is in the standard X format; see 
     310.BR X (7) 
    249311for more information. 
    250 The width and height are specified in characters; the default is 80 by 
    251 24.  See the Emacs manual, section "Options for Window Size and Position", 
     312The width and height are specified in characters; the default is 
     31380 by 24. 
     314See the Emacs manual, section "Options for Window Size and Position", 
    252315for information on how window sizes interact 
    253316with selecting or deselecting the tool bar and menu bar. 
    254 .PP 
    255 .TP 8 
    256 .BI \-fg " color" 
    257 On color displays, sets the color of the text. 
     317.TP 
     318.BI \-lsp " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-line\-spacing " pixels" 
     319Additional space to put between lines. 
     320.TP 
     321.BR \-vb ", " \-\-vertical\-scroll\-bars 
     322Enable vertical scrollbars. 
     323.TP 
     324.BR \-fh ", " \-\-fullheight 
     325Make the first frame as high as the screen. 
     326.TP 
     327.BR \-fs ", " \-\-fullscreen 
     328Make the first frame fullscreen. 
     329.TP 
     330.BR \-fw ", " \-\-fullwidth 
     331Make the first frame as wide as the screen. 
     332.TP 
     333.BI \-fg " color\fR,\fP " \-\-foreground\-color " color" 
     334On color displays, set the color of the text. 
    258335 
    259336Use the command 
    260 .I M-x list-colors-display 
    261 for a list of valid 
    262 color names. 
    263 .TP 
    264 .BI \-bg " color" 
    265 On color displays, 
    266 sets the color of the window's background. 
    267 .TP 
    268 .BI \-bd " color" 
    269 On color displays, 
    270 sets the color of the window's border. 
    271 .TP 
    272 .BI \-cr " color" 
    273 On color displays, 
    274 sets the color of the window's text cursor. 
    275 .TP 
    276 .BI \-ms " color" 
    277 On color displays, 
    278 sets the color of the window's mouse cursor. 
    279 .TP 
    280 .BI \-d " displayname, " \-display " displayname" 
     337.I M\-x list\-colors\-display 
     338for a list of valid color names. 
     339.TP 
     340.BI \-bg " color\fR,\fP " \-\-background\-color " color" 
     341On color displays, set the color of the window's background. 
     342.TP 
     343.BI \-bd " color\fR,\fP " \-\-border\-color " color" 
     344On color displays, set the color of the window's border. 
     345.TP 
     346.BI \-cr " color\fR,\fP " \-\-cursor\-color " color" 
     347On color displays, set the color of the window's text cursor. 
     348.TP 
     349.BI \-ms " color\fR,\fP " \-\-mouse\-color " color" 
     350On color displays, set the color of the window's mouse cursor. 
     351.TP 
     352.BI \-d " displayname\fR,\fP " \-\-display " displayname" 
    281353Create the 
    282354.I Emacs 
    …… 
    285357Must be the first option specified in the command line. 
    286358.TP 
    287 .B \-nw 
    288 Tells 
    289 .I Emacs 
    290 not to use its special interface to X.  If you use this 
    291 switch when invoking 
     359.BR \-nbi ", " \-\-no\-bitmap\-icon 
     360Do not use picture of gnu for Emacs icon. 
     361.TP 
     362.B \-\-iconic 
     363Start 
     364.I Emacs 
     365in iconified state. 
     366.TP 
     367.BR \-nbc ", " \-\-no\-blinking\-cursor 
     368Disable blinking cursor. 
     369.TP 
     370.BR \-nw ", " \-\-no\-window\-system 
     371Tell 
     372.I Emacs 
     373not to use its special interface to X. 
     374If you use this switch when invoking 
    292375.I Emacs 
    293376from an 
    294 .IR xterm (1) 
     377.BR xterm (1) 
    295378window, display is done in that window. 
     379.TP 
     380.BR \-D ", " \-\-basic\-display 
     381This option disables many display features; use it for 
     382debugging Emacs. 
     383.RE 
    296384.PP 
    297385You can set 
    …… 
    302390.I \.Xresources 
    303391file (see 
    304 .IR xrdb (1)). 
     392.BR xrdb (1)). 
    305393Use the following format: 
    306394.IP 
    307 emacs.keyword:value 
     395.RI emacs. keyword : value 
    308396.PP 
    309397where 
    310398.I value 
    311399specifies the default value of 
    312 .I keyword. 
     400.IR keyword . 
    313401.I Emacs 
    314402lets you set default values for the following keywords: 
     403.RS 
    315404.TP 8 
    316 .B font (\fPclass\fB Font) 
     405.BR background " (class " Background ) 
     406For color displays, 
     407sets the window's background color. 
     408.TP 
     409.BR bitmapIcon " (class " BitmapIcon ) 
     410If 
     411.BR bitmapIcon 's 
     412value is set to 
     413.IR on , 
     414the window will iconify into the "kitchen sink." 
     415.TP 
     416.BR borderColor " (class " BorderColor ) 
     417For color displays, 
     418sets the color of the window's border. 
     419.TP 
     420.BR borderWidth " (class " BorderWidth ) 
     421Sets the window's border width in pixels. 
     422.TP 
     423.BR cursorColor " (class " Foreground ) 
     424For color displays, 
     425sets the color of the window's text cursor. 
     426.TP 
     427.BR cursorBlink " (class " CursorBlink ) 
     428Specifies whether to make the cursor blink. 
     429The default is 
     430.IR on . 
     431Use 
     432.I off 
     433or 
     434.I false 
     435to turn cursor blinking off. 
     436.TP 
     437.BR font " (class " Font ) 
    317438Sets the window's text font. 
    318439.TP 
    319 .B reverseVideo (\fPclass\fB ReverseVideo) 
    320 If 
    321 .I reverseVideo's 
    322 value is set to 
    323 .I on, 
    324 the window will be displayed in reverse video. 
    325 .TP 
    326 .B bitmapIcon (\fPclass\fB BitmapIcon) 
    327 If 
    328 .I bitmapIcon's 
    329 value is set to 
    330 .I on, 
    331 the window will iconify into the "kitchen sink." 
    332 .TP 
    333 .B borderWidth (\fPclass\fB BorderWidth) 
    334 Sets the window's border width in pixels. 
    335 .TP 
    336 .B internalBorder (\fPclass\fB BorderWidth) 
    337 Sets the window's internal border width in pixels. 
    338 .TP 
    339 .B foreground (\fPclass\fB Foreground) 
     440.BR foreground " (class " Foreground ) 
    340441For color displays, 
    341442sets the window's text color. 
    342443.TP 
    343 .B background (\fPclass\fB Background) 
    344 For color displays, 
    345 sets the window's background color. 
    346 .TP 
    347 .B borderColor (\fPclass\fB BorderColor) 
    348 For color displays, 
    349 sets the color of the window's border. 
    350 .TP 
    351 .B cursorColor (\fPclass\fB Foreground) 
    352 For color displays, 
    353 sets the color of the window's text cursor. 
    354 .TP 
    355 .B pointerColor (\fPclass\fB Foreground) 
     444.BR fullscreen " (class " Fullscreen ) 
     445The desired fullscreen size. 
     446The value can be one of 
     447.IR fullboth , 
     448.IR fullwidth , 
     449or 
     450.IR fullheight , 
     451which correspond to the command-line options `\-fs', `\-fw', and 
     452`\-fh', respectively. 
     453Note that this applies to the initial frame only. 
     454.TP 
     455.BR geometry " (class " Geometry ) 
     456Sets the geometry of the 
     457.I Emacs 
     458window (as described above). 
     459.TP 
     460.BR iconName " (class " Title ) 
     461Sets the icon name for the 
     462.I Emacs 
     463window icon. 
     464.TP 
     465.BR internalBorder " (class " BorderWidth ) 
     466Sets the window's internal border width in pixels. 
     467.TP 
     468.BR lineSpacing " (class " LineSpacing ) 
     469Additional space ("leading") between lines, in pixels. 
     470.TP 
     471.BR menuBar " (class " MenuBar ) 
     472Gives frames menu bars if 
     473.IR on ; 
     474don't have menu bars if 
     475.IR off . 
     476See the Emacs manual, sections "Lucid Resources" and "LessTif 
     477Resources", for how to control the appearance of the menu bar 
     478if you have one. 
     479.TP 
     480.BR minibuffer " (class " Minibuffer ) 
     481If 
     482.IR none , 
     483don't make a minibuffer in this frame. 
     484It will use a separate minibuffer frame instead. 
     485.TP 
     486.BR paneFont " (class " Font ) 
     487Font name for menu pane titles, in non-toolkit versions of 
     488.IR Emacs . 
     489.TP 
     490.BR pointerColor " (class " Foreground ) 
    356491For color displays, 
    357492sets the color of the window's mouse cursor. 
    358493.TP 
    359 .B geometry (\fPclass\fB Geometry) 
    360 Sets the geometry of the 
    361 .I Emacs 
    362 window (as described above). 
    363 .TP 
    364 .B title (\fPclass\fB Title) 
     494.BR privateColormap " (class " PrivateColormap ) 
     495If 
     496.IR on , 
     497use a private color map, in the case where the "default 
     498visual" of class 
     499.B PseudoColor 
     500and 
     501.B Emacs 
     502is using it. 
     503.TP 
     504.BR reverseVideo " (class " ReverseVideo ) 
     505If 
     506.BR reverseVideo 's 
     507value is set to 
     508.IR on , 
     509the window will be displayed in reverse video. 
     510.TP 
     511.BR screenGamma " (class "ScreenGamma ) 
     512Gamma correction for colors, equivalent to the frame parameter 
     513`screen\-gamma'. 
     514.TP 
     515.BR scrollBarWidth " (class "ScrollBarWidth ) 
     516The scroll bar width in pixels, equivalent to the frame parameter 
     517`scroll\-bar\-width'. 
     518.TP 
     519.BR selectionFont " (class " SelectionFont ) 
     520Font name for pop-up menu items, in non-toolkit versions of 
     521.IR Emacs . 
     522(For toolkit versions, see the Emacs manual, sections 
     523"Lucid Resources" and "LessTif Resources".) 
     524.TP 
     525.BR selectionTimeout " (class " SelectionTimeout ) 
     526Number of milliseconds to wait for a selection reply. 
     527A value of 0 means wait as long as necessary. 
     528.TP 
     529.BR synchronous " (class " Synchronous ) 
     530Run Emacs in synchronous mode if 
     531.IR on . 
     532Synchronous mode is useful for debugging X problems. 
     533.TP 
     534.BR title " (class " Title ) 
    365535Sets the title of the 
    366536.I Emacs 
    367537window. 
    368538.TP 
    369 .B iconName (\fPclass\fB Title) 
    370 Sets the icon name for the 
    371 .I Emacs 
    372 window icon. 
     539.BR toolBar " (class " ToolBar ) 
     540Number of lines to reserve for the tool bar. 
     541.TP 
     542.BR useXIM " (class " UseXIM ) 
     543Turns off use of X input methods (XIM) if 
     544.I false 
     545or 
     546.IR off . 
     547.TP 
     548.BR verticalScrollBars " (class " ScrollBars ) 
     549Gives frames scroll bars if 
     550.IR on ; 
     551suppresses scroll bars if 
     552.IR off . 
     553.TP 
     554.BR visualClass " (class " VisualClass ) 
     555Specify the "visual" that X should use. 
     556This tells X how to handle colors. 
     557The value should start with one of 
     558.IR TrueColor , 
     559.IR PseudoColor , 
     560.IR DirectColor , 
     561.IR StaticColor , 
     562.IR GrayScale , 
     563and 
     564.IR StaticGray , 
     565followed by 
     566.BI \- depth\fR,\fP 
     567where 
     568.I depth 
     569is the number of color planes. 
     570.RE 
    373571.PP 
    374572If you try to set color values while using a black and white display, 
    …… 
    378576the border color will be set to grey, 
    379577and the text and mouse cursors will be set to black. 
    380 .PP 
    381 .SM Using the Mouse 
    382 .PP 
    383 The following lists the mouse button bindings for the 
     578. 
     579.SS Using the Mouse 
     580.PP 
     581The following lists some of the mouse button bindings for the 
    384582.I Emacs 
    385583window under X11. 
    386  
     584. 
     585.RS 
    387586.TS 
     587l l 
     588- - 
    388589l l. 
    389590MOUSE BUTTON    FUNCTION 
    …… 
    395596CTRL-middle     Cut text into X cut buffer and kill it. 
    396597CTRL-right      T{ 
    397 Select this window, then split it into 
    398 two windows.  Same as typing CTRL-x 2. 
     598Select this window, then split it into two windows. 
     599Same as typing CTRL\-x 2. 
    399600T} 
    400601.\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X MENUS 
    401602CTRL-SHIFT-left T{ 
    402603X buffer menu \(em hold the buttons and keys 
    403 down, wait for menu to appear, select 
    404 buffer, and release.  Move mouse out of 
    405 menu and release to cancel. 
     604down, wait for menu to appear, select buffer, and release. 
     605Move mouse out of menu and release to cancel. 
    406606T} 
    407 CTRL-SHIFT-middle       X help menu \(em pop up index card menu for Emacs help. 
     607CTRL-SHIFT-middle       T{ 
     608X help menu \(em pop up index card menu for Emacs help. 
     609T} 
    408610.\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X MENUS 
    409611CTRL-SHIFT-right        T{ 
    410 Select window with mouse, and delete all 
    411 other windows.  Same as typing CTRL-x 1. 
     612Select window with mouse, and delete all other windows. 
     613Same as typing CTRL\-x 1. 
    412614T} 
    413615.\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X 
    414616.TE 
    415 .PP 
     617.RE 
     618. 
     619. 
    416620.SH MANUALS 
    417621You can order printed copies of the GNU Emacs Manual from the Free 
    418 Software Foundation, which develops GNU software.  See the file ORDERS 
    419 for ordering information. 
     622Software Foundation, which develops GNU software. 
     623See the file ORDERS for ordering information. 
    420624.br 
    421 Your local Emacs maintainer might also have copies available.  As 
    422 with all software and publications from FSF, everyone is permitted to 
    423 make and distribute copies of the Emacs manual.  The TeX source to the 
    424 manual is also included in the Emacs source distribution. 
    425 .PP 
     625Your local Emacs maintainer might also have copies available. 
     626As with all software and publications from FSF, everyone is permitted 
     627to make and distribute copies of the Emacs manual. 
     628The TeX source to the manual is also included in the Emacs source 
     629distribution. 
     630. 
     631. 
    426632.SH FILES 
    427 /usr/local/share/info - files for the Info documentation browser. 
     633/usr/local/share/info \(em files for the Info documentation browser. 
    428634The complete text of the Emacs reference manual is included in a 
    429 convenient tree structured form.  Also includes the Emacs Lisp 
    430 Reference Manual, useful to anyone wishing to write programs in the 
    431 Emacs Lisp extension language. 
    432  
    433 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/lisp - Lisp source files and compiled files 
    434 that define most editing commands.  Some are preloaded; 
    435 others are autoloaded from this directory when used. 
    436  
    437 /usr/local/libexec/emacs/$VERSION/$ARCH - various programs that are 
     635convenient tree structured form. 
     636Also includes the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual, useful to anyone 
     637wishing to write programs in the Emacs Lisp extension language. 
     638 
     639/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/lisp \(em Lisp source files and 
     640compiled files that define most editing commands. 
     641Some are preloaded; others are autoloaded from this directory when 
     642used. 
     643 
     644/usr/local/libexec/emacs/$VERSION/$ARCH \(em various programs that are 
    438645used with GNU Emacs. 
    439646 
    440 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc - various files of information. 
    441  
    442 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/DOC.* - contains the documentation 
     647/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc \(em various files of information. 
     648 
     649/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/DOC.* \(em contains the documentation 
    443650strings for the Lisp primitives and preloaded Lisp functions 
    444 of GNU Emacs.  They are stored here to reduce the size of 
    445 Emacs proper. 
    446  
    447 .br 
     651of GNU Emacs. 
     652They are stored here to reduce the size of Emacs proper. 
     653 
    448654/usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/SERVICE lists people offering 
    449655various services to assist users of GNU Emacs, including education, 
    450656troubleshooting, porting and customization. 
    451  
    452 .PP 
     657. 
     658. 
    453659.SH BUGS 
    454660There is a mailing list, bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org, for reporting Emacs 
    455 bugs and fixes.  But before reporting something as a bug, please try 
    456 to be sure that it really is a bug, not a misunderstanding or a 
    457 deliberate feature.  We ask you to read the section ``Reporting Emacs 
    458 Bugs'' near the end of the reference manual (or Info system) for hints 
    459 on how and when to report bugs.  Also, include the version number of 
    460 the Emacs you are running in \fIevery\fR bug report that you send in. 
    461  
    462 Do not expect a personal answer to a bug report.  The purpose of reporting 
    463 bugs is to get them fixed for everyone in the next release, if possible. 
     661bugs and fixes. 
     662But before reporting something as a bug, please try to be sure that 
     663it really is a bug, not a misunderstanding or a deliberate feature. 
     664We ask you to read the section ``Reporting Emacs Bugs'' near the 
     665end of the reference manual (or Info system) for hints on how and 
     666when to report bugs. 
     667Also, include the version number of the Emacs you are running in 
     668\fIevery\fR bug report that you send in. 
     669 
     670Do not expect a personal answer to a bug report. 
     671The purpose of reporting bugs is to get them fixed for everyone 
     672in the next release, if possible. 
    464673For personal assistance, look in the SERVICE file (see above) for 
    465674a list of people who offer it. 
    …… 
    467676Please do not send anything but bug reports to this mailing list. 
    468677For more information about Emacs mailing lists, see the 
    469 file /usr/local/emacs/etc/MAILINGLISTS.  Bugs tend actually to be 
    470 fixed if they can be isolated, so it is in your interest to report 
    471 them in such a way that they can be easily reproduced. 
     678file /usr/local/emacs/etc/MAILINGLISTS. 
     679Bugs tend actually to be fixed if they can be isolated, so it is 
     680in your interest to report them in such a way that they can be 
     681easily reproduced. 
     682. 
     683. 
    472684.SH UNRESTRICTIONS 
    473 .PP 
    474685.I Emacs 
    475686is free; anyone may redistribute copies of 
    …… 
    488699may sometimes be received packaged with distributions of Unix systems, 
    489700but it is never included in the scope of any license covering those 
    490 systems.  Such inclusion violates the terms on which distribution 
    491 is permitted.  In fact, the primary purpose of the General Public 
    492 License is to prohibit anyone from attaching any other restrictions 
    493 to redistribution of 
    494 .I Emacs. 
     701systems. 
     702Such inclusion violates the terms on which distribution is permitted. 
     703In fact, the primary purpose of the General Public License is to 
     704prohibit anyone from attaching any other restrictions to 
     705redistribution of 
     706.IR Emacs . 
    495707.PP 
    496708Richard Stallman encourages you to improve and extend 
    497 .I Emacs, 
     709.IR Emacs , 
    498710and urges that 
    499 you contribute your extensions to the GNU library.  Eventually GNU 
    500 (Gnu's Not Unix) will be a complete replacement for Unix. 
     711you contribute your extensions to the GNU library. 
     712Eventually GNU (Gnu's Not Unix) will be a complete replacement 
     713for Unix. 
    501714Everyone will be free to use, copy, study and change the GNU system. 
     715. 
     716. 
    502717.SH SEE ALSO 
    503 emacsclient(1), etags(1), X(1), xlsfonts(1), xterm(1), xrdb(1) 
     718.BR emacsclient (1), 
     719.BR etags (1), 
     720.BR X (7), 
     721.BR xlsfonts (1), 
     722.BR xterm (1), 
     723.BR xrdb (1) 
     724. 
     725. 
    504726.SH AUTHORS 
    505 .PP 
    506727.I Emacs 
    507728was written by Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation. 
    508729Joachim Martillo and Robert Krawitz added the X features. 
     730. 
     731. 
    509732.SH COPYING 
    510733Copyright 
    …… 
    512735.if n (C) 
    5137361995, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 
    514       2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 
     737      2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 
    515738.PP 
    516739Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this 
    …… 
    527750modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated 
    528751in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. 
    529  
     752. 
    530753.\" arch-tag: 04dfd376-b46e-4924-919a-cecc3b257eaa